Artificial Intelligence Research

By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology had begun to realize that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior -- thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new Al", and "behavior-based Al". Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier provide a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking about intelligence and computers. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building.

This comprehensive collection of twenty-nine readings covers artificial intelligence from its historical roots to current research directions and practice. With its helpful critique of the selections, extensive bibliography, and clear presentation of the material, Computation and Intelligence will be a useful adjunct to any course in AI as well as a handy reference for professionals in the field. The book is divided into five parts. The first part contains papers that present or discuss foundational ideas linking computation and intelligence, typified by A. M. Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". The second part, Knowledge Representation, presents a sampling of the numerous representational schemes - by Newell, Minsky, Collins and Quillian, Winograd, Schank, Hayes, Holland, McClelland, Rumelhart, Hinton, and Brooks. The third part, Weak Method Problem Solving, focuses on the research and design of syntax based problem solvers, including the most famous of these, the Logic Theorist and GPS. The fourth part, Reasoning in Complex and Dynamic Environments, presents a broad spectrum of the AI communities' research in knowledge-intensive problem solving, from McCarthy's early design of systems with "common sense" to model based reasoning. The two concluding selections, by Marvin Minsky and by Herbert Simon, respectively, present the recent thoughts of two of AI's pioneers who revisit the concepts and controversies that have developed during the evolution of the tools and techniques that make up the current practice of artificial intelligence.

Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute - Founded in 2001, the Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute's (AGIRI) mission is to "foster the creation of powerful and ethically positive" Artificial General Intelligence. AGIRI hosts an online forum, publishes material on the development, application and implications for AGI, and hosts AGI workshops in the Washington, DC area.

MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory - The MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory was an interdisciplinary research entity at MIT which became one of the most influential and accomplished in the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics. Research at MIT in the field of Artificial Intelligence began in 1959.

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory - MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, or CSAIL, is an interdisciplinary research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, formed on July 1, 2003 by the merger of MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. CSAIL is the largest such laboratory at MIT, both in terms of the scope of its research and in terms of the number of members.

Distributed artificial intelligence - Distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) was a subfield of Artificial intelligence research dedicated to the development of distributed solutions for complex problems regarded as requiring intelligence. These days DAI has been largely supplanted by the field of Multi-Agent Systems.

artificialintelligenceresearch

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